• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    SEPARATOR DEVICE FOR USE IN AN EXPANSION GAS RECYCLING SYSTEM OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. The present invention relates to a separator device for an internal combustion engine expansion gas recycling system comprising an elongated housing (2) defining a separation chamber (3) having an inlet (4) at one end, for communication with the crankcase, an outlet (5) at a second end for communication with the engine inlet system, and a bottom wall with at least one drain manifold (6) for draining the liquid separated into the separation chamber ( 3) for the return of the separated liquid to the crankcase. Associated with the aforementioned inlet (4), there is a first opening/closing element with a flexible flap (7) that opens when the crankcase is under overpressure in relation to the pressure in the separation chamber (3), as associated with each draining manifold (6) is an opening/closing membrane element (6b), which, in the above-mentioned overpressure condition, closes, while the crankcase is subjected to negative pressure, opens, allowing the return of the separated liquid and collected inside each drain collector (6) to the crankcase. to allow maximum separation efficiency of the contained oil (...).
    公开号:BR102012028182B1
    申请号:R102012028182-1
    申请日:2012-11-01
    公开日:2021-04-20
    发明作者:Carmine POLICHETTI；Michele Gentile
    申请人:Fiat Powertrain Technologies S.P.A.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    field of invention
    [0001] The present invention relates to a separator device for an expansion gas recycling system of an internal combustion engine. In particular, the invention relates to a separating device of the type comprising:
    [0002] - an elongated casing defining a separation chamber and having a first end with an inlet for communicating with the crankcase, a second end with an outlet for communicating with the engine inlet system, and a bottom wall with at least one collector for draining the separated liquid into the separation chamber, for returning the separated liquid to the crankcase;
    [0003] - first opening/closing means associated with the mentioned inlet and configured to open when an overpressure exerted in the crankcase has a given value in relation to the pressure in the separation chamber and to remain closed, on the contrary, when a negative pressure is exerted on the crankcase in relation to the separation chamber; and
    [0004] - second opening/closing means associated with at least one drainage manifold and configured to close only when an overpressure exerted on the crankcase has a given value in relation to the pressure in the separation chamber and to remain open when a pressure negative is exerted on the crankcase in relation to the separation chamber.
    [0005] A separator device of the type referred to above is described and illustrated in document No. EP 2 390 477 A1, filed in the name of the same applicant. General technical problem
    [0006] In internal combustion engines, the expansion gases that flow through the clearance between pistons and engine cylinders pass from the combustion chamber to the crankcase. They must be recirculated into the engine's intake system. The mentioned expansion gases contain oil both in the form of vapor and in the form of droplets. Before recirculating the expansion gases, it is necessary to separate the oil contained in them. Consequently, the task of separating devices of the previously mentioned type is to allow the circulation of expansion gases in the engine intake circuit, and at the same time prevent liquid particles from entering the engine intake circuit.
    [0007] In engines with a number of cylinders, eg three or four cylinders, the crankcase pressure remains approximately constant for one revolution of the engine shaft while the crankcase volume remains approximately constant. For example, in the case of a four-cylinder engine, while two pistons go up towards top dead center, the other two pistons go down towards bottom dead center. In engines of this type, by connecting the crankcase, through pressure regulating valves, to an environment, on average, at negative pressure (typically the intake manifold), a permanent negative pressure condition is guaranteed.
    [0008] Alternatively, in single-cylinder engines or two-cylinder engines where the phases of the two pistons are 360° apart, ie, with the two pistons moving simultaneously towards top dead center and towards bottom dead center, the solution of putting the crankcase in negative pressure connecting it to a source of negative pressure through regulating valves is not possible. In fact, in this case the instantaneous pressure in the crankcase is markedly variable, given the considerable volume variation that occurs in one revolution of the motor shaft. Consequently, the separation of the part of the oil present in the expansion gases is problematic, given the alternating flow that is obtained in the separator device. state of the art
    [0009] The aforementioned problem has been solved with the device consisting of the object of document No. EP 2 390 477 A1 mentioned above. The known device mentioned is capable of exploiting the concordant displacement of the pistons of a two-cylinder engine to ensure a correct negative pressure condition in the crankcase, in addition to an effective separating action and subsequent drainage of the separated oil to return it to the lubricating circuit. The operation of the mentioned separating device is guaranteed by the adoption of a single-way valve in the opening of the aforementioned device and umbrella-type opening/closing valves, connected to the collectors for draining the separated oil. Both the opening of the directional valve and the opening of the opening/closing valves of the drain manifolds are regulated by the pressure/negative pressure conditions that are exerted on the crankcase. The one-way valve at the opening of the separator device consists of a metal flap which undergoes bending deformation to an opening configuration when an overpressure having a given value in relation to the pressure within the separation chamber is exerted on the crankcase, with the mentioned flap remaining instead in a closing configuration when the crankcase is at a negative pressure with respect to the separation chamber. The membrane valve associated with each drain manifold is configured to deform to a closing configuration of the respective manifold when the crankcase is in overpressure with respect to the separation chamber, while said membrane remains in an opening configuration when the crankcase is at a negative pressure with respect to the separation chamber.
    [00010] In a one-cylinder engine, or a two-cylinder engine with pistons having concordant movement, when the pistons move towards the bottom dead center, they cause a reduction in the volume available in the crankcase and a consequent increase in pressure of the crankcase. In this case, in the aforementioned known device, the one-way valve in the opening of the separator device opens and allows the flow of expansion gases in the separator, while the membrane valves associated with the collectors for draining the oil are in their closing configuration. When the movement of the pistons is reversed and the pistons move to TDC, the crankcase pressure decreases, the valve at the opening of the separator device closes, ensuring the negative crankcase pressure condition. At the same time, the drainage manifold membrane valves open, allowing an air flow to return from the engine inlet system to the separation chamber and from there to the crankcase, with the aforementioned air flow being then useful for Discharge the oil that has deposited in the drain manifolds back into the crankcase and into the engine lubrication circuit.
    [00011] Once again, in the case of the aforementioned known device, to ensure an average pressure of negative sign throughout the engine cycle, it is necessary to properly size the diameter of the drainage collectors so that the aforementioned collectors define an area of passage of dimensions much smaller than the passage area at the entrance of the separator device.
    [00012] Again, in the case of the aforementioned known separator device, the separating function is ensured by the presence in the separating chamber of a series of diaphragms arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the separating chamber. Furthermore, the opening of the separating device is formed in such a way that the incoming flow, constituted by a gas/oil mixture, is oriented to hit a first partition, favoring a first separation of the liquid part. Drain collectors are placed in positions corresponding to the aforementioned partitions to collect the oil droplets that stop at the partitions and run down on them. Furthermore, again in the case of the aforementioned known device, the shape and position of the partitions create a kind of labyrinth through which the gas/oil mixture is forced to pass. Present in a position corresponding to each drain manifold is a membrane valve to guarantee the draining of the oil that has accumulated.
    [00013] The known device mentioned above is therefore based on the principle of separation by impact. It guarantees good oil separation efficiency from the expansion gases in almost all engine operating conditions.
    [00014] The separation efficiency can be evaluated by measuring the amount of oil that the separator cannot retain in the engine and that circulates towards the intake circuit, together with the expansion gases. Disadvantages of the prior art
    [00015] There are, however, given points in engine operation where high rates of expansion gases flow between pistons and cylinder liners. These high rates of expansion gases can make operation of the separator device critical. The mentioned operating points are typically characterized by high engine RPM levels associated with low loads. Typical maneuvers for the engine to be in the aforementioned critical conditions can be quite common when driving a vehicle by a standard user, for example, when shifting at high RPM.
    [00016] To measure the separation efficiency of the known device described above, the present applicant used a test consisting in causing the settlement of the possible amount of oil present in the expansion gases that leave the separator device in the direction of the motor opening. The mentioned measurement is obtained with the adoption of a cyclone separator device placed at the output of the separator device and connected to a container. The test consists of continuously maintaining the engine at an operating point characterized by a given engine RPM and load. Under the mentioned conditions, the amount of oil separated is measured in the aforementioned container during the engine's stationary operation for one hour. The test points are chosen among the potentially most critical for separator operation, both because of the high flow rates of the expansion gases produced by the engine and because of the pressure values in the engine crankcase, as mentioned above.
    [00017] During bench tests of the engine with the known separator device, under the engine operating conditions described above, large amounts of oil in the gas flow entering the intake circuit were detected, which evidently were not retained by the separator device ( up to 150 times greater than the desired maximum limit).
    [00018] It is considered that the aforementioned criticality of the operation of the known separator device is basically linked to the high instantaneous flow rates of expansion vapors: the presence of the diaphragms in the separator device that create the aforementioned labyrinth path causes marked reductions in the section of passage for gases. At high gas flow rates, reduced areas of passage lead to high gas velocities and consequent onset of a turbulent regime within the separator device. The turbulence mentioned causes a problematic retention of the liquid part of the mixture, as it facilitates the dragging of the liquid droplets by the expansion vapors leaving the separator device. object of invention
    [00019] The aim of the present invention is to improve the known device described above by solving the mentioned problems.
    [00020] In particular, an object of the invention is to provide a separating device of the type referred to at the beginning of this description that will avoid high flow velocities of gases in the separator device in any condition of engine operation and will exploit a new and more efficient way of separating the oil contained in the mixture. Summary of the invention
    [00021] In order to achieve the above objective, the object of the invention is a separating device, which has all the characteristics to which references were made at the beginning of this description and is, furthermore, characterized by the fact that the mentioned separation does not have diaphragms arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the separator device, and by the fact that in the separation chamber there is at least one inner wall placed approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction of the separator device in such a way that the expansion gases flow longitudinally in the separation chamber from the inlet located at the first end to the outlet located at the second end, hitting the at least one longitudinal inner wall mentioned so that the liquid particles contained in the gas flow tend to be retained due to adhesion in the at least one mentioned longitudinal wall and then collected by gravity in at least one collector of and drainage mentioned. The at least one aforementioned longitudinal wall can be made of metallic material or a suitable plastic material. In one form of deployment, it is made up of a mesh.
    [00022] Again in the case of the preferred implantation form of the invention, a number of longitudinal walls are placed approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction of the separation chamber and at a distance one wall from the other. In one form of implantation, the aforementioned longitudinal walls are defined by a single sheet folded in the shape of a bellows, for example in the form of a metallic or plastic mesh.
    [00023] Thanks to the aforementioned characteristics, the separator device according to the invention allows an excellent efficiency of separation of the liquid phase of the gases to be obtained and at the same time also guarantees a minimum impact in terms of modifications compared to the known separator device described above. Brief description of the figures
    [00024] Other features and advantages of the invention will appear in the description below with reference to the attached figures, which are provided purely as a non-limiting example and in which:
    [00025] - Figure 1 is a perspective view of the separating device known from document No. EP 2 390 477 A1;
    [00026] - Figures 2 and 3 are cross-sectional views of the known device of figure 1, in two different operating conditions;
    [00027] - Figure 4 is a sectional perspective view of a form of implantation of the device according to the invention, in the condition that it is mounted on a motor;
    [00028] - Figure 5 is a perspective view illustrating a component of the separator device according to the invention prior to its installation in the separator device;
    [00029] - Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the separator device according to the invention; and
    [00030] - Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view according to line VII-VII of figure 6. Description of preferred forms of implementation
    [00031] With reference to figures 1-3, the number 1 designates as a whole a separating device of the type known from document No. EP 2 390 477 A1, made to be installed in a two-cylinder internal combustion engine, encompassed in the engine valve tappet casing. The description of the mentioned known device is useful for the purpose of a better understanding of the invention.
    [00032] Referring also to figures 2 and 3, the separator device 1 according to the state of the prior art comprises a casing made of metallic or plastic material 2 in an elongated manner, defining within it a separation chamber 3, with a first end having an inlet 4, communicating with the crankcase, and a second end having an outlet 5 that is connected to the engine inlet manifold through a duct of any known type (not shown). Placed in a position corresponding to the lower wall of the casing 2 are two drain collectors 6 for collecting the oil which is separated from the expansion gases in the separation chamber 3 and which is then returned to the crankcase. Each drain collector 6 has a bottom wall with holes 6a for communication with the crankcase.
    [00033] Placed in a position corresponding to inlet 4 is a one-way valve with an opening/closing element 7 in the form of a metal flap, fixed at one end at 8 to the housing 2 of the device. Flap 7 has an undeformed rest configuration, where it closes opening 4 (figure 3), while it undergoes flexural deformation, allowing the entry of crankcase gases into separation chamber 3 (figure 2) when an overpressure is exerted in the crankcase in relation to the separation chamber 3.
    [00034] Placed in a position corresponding to the bottom wall of each drainage manifold 6 is a T-shaped opening/closing membrane element 6b placed upside down or an umbrella placed upside down, with a central support rod supported by the lower wall of the respective collector. When an overpressure is exerted on the crankcase with respect to the separation chamber 3 (figure 2), the opening/closing membrane elements 6b are deformed into a configuration in which they close the passage through the holes 6a. On the contrary, when a negative pressure is exerted on the crankcase, the opening/closing membrane elements 6b remain in an undeformed rest condition, in which communication through the holes 6a is open.
    [00035] The operation of the known device illustrated in figures 1-3 is described below.
    [00036] In the step in which the two pistons of the two-cylinder engine move in agreement towards the bottom dead center, the crankcase suffers overpressure so that the expansion gases present there are pushed into the separation chamber 3 and pass through it longitudinally until they exit through output 5 and return to the engine inlet circuit. When passing through the separation chamber 3, the expansion gases hit a series of diaphragms 9, placed transversely to the longitudinal direction of the separator device 1, in such a way that the oil droplets present in the gas flow tend to remain against the mentioned walls and draining by gravity towards the bottom of the casing, where they are collected by drainage collectors 6.
    [00037] In the step where the two engine pistons move towards the top dead center, a negative pressure is created inside the crankcase so that the valve 7 closes and the opening/closing membrane elements 6b go to the opening configuration (figure 3). Consequently, in the mentioned step the oil that was previously collected at the bottom of each drain collector 6 can be returned to the crankcase, passing through the holes 6a. The mentioned phenomenon is favored by the fact that the negative crankcase pressure leads to an air flow from the engine inlet system to the separation chamber 3 and the manifolds 6, as indicated by the arrows in figure 3.
    [00038] As already clarified, the aforementioned known device has the disadvantage that at certain engine RPM levels the passage section restriction caused by the presence of diaphragms 9 in the separation chamber 3 determines a flow with excessive speed of the expansion gases, with consequent insufficient separation of the oil contained in the mentioned flow.
    [00039] In order to solve the mentioned problem, the separator device according to the present invention introduces some important modifications compared to the known device, which are schematically illustrated in figures 6 and 7. In the figures mentioned, as well as in figure 4 , the parts in common with the known device illustrated in figures 1-3 are designated by the same reference numerals.
    [00040] With reference to figures 6 and 7, the main difference between the device according to the invention and the known device described above is in the fact that, in the device according to the invention, the separation chamber 3 does not have diaphragms placed transversely to the longitudinal direction of the separator device and has instead one or more inner walls 10 placed approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction of the separator device. Figures 6 and 7 refer to the case of seven mutually parallel walls placed at a distance from each other, contained in planes parallel to the longitudinal direction of the device and, in the case of this example, also orthogonal to the lower and upper walls of the housing 2.
    [00041] Thanks to the mentioned arrangement, it is not created a reduction of the passage section in the separation chamber 3 that can cause an excessive velocity of the expansion gas flow in the critical conditions of engine operation that were described above. In this case, however, the separation of the oil droplets contained in the mixture takes place, not as a result of an impact of the particles against diaphragms inside the separation chamber, but as a result of a phenomenon of adhesion of the oil droplets to the aforementioned longitudinal walls , while the gases flow parallel to the aforementioned walls, passing through their surfaces. For the rest, the operation of the device according to the invention remains identical to that of the known device, without this affecting all the features that have been described above with reference to inlet 4, valve 7, drain collectors 6, and opening/closing membrane elements 6b.
    [00042] It is clearly possible to place in opening 4 an opening/closing valve having any other configuration of a known type, as well as the drainage collectors 6 and the corresponding opening/closing membrane elements 6b can have any other configuration of a known type.
    [00043] Figure 6 schematically shows the step in which the crankcase is under overpressure so that the opening/closing membrane elements 6b are in their closing configuration, while the valve 7 undergoes bending deformation to allow inflow of flow of the expansion gases, with consequent separation of the oil droplets D due to a phenomenon of adhesion to the surfaces of the longitudinal walls 10.
    [00044] Clearly, the material constituting the walls 10 can be any, and in particular can be metallic or plastic material. An example of an implementation foresees that one or more walls 10 are constituted by a mesh, whose configuration (diameter of the mesh wires, dimensions of the mesh openings) is chosen using tests to maximize the separation effect of the oil drops.
    [00045] Figure 4 is a perspective view referring to the case where all the longitudinal walls 10 are defined by a single sheet 11 folded in the form of a bellows. Figure 4 shows the aforementioned sheet placed inside the casing 2, in turn encompassed in the valve tappet casing 12 of the engine.
    [00046] Figure 5 shows a form of deployment in which the sheet 11 is in the form of a mesh. Clearly, in the case where the longitudinal walls 10 are constituted by a single sheet 11 bent into a bellows shape, each of the mentioned walls is always parallel to the longitudinal direction of the separator device, but is not orthogonal to the upper and lower walls of the housing of the device. separator. As can be seen, the folded sheet 11 in the form of bellows can simply be mounted inside the separation chamber 3 as, as a result of its own elasticity, it is kept in position between the walls of the mentioned chamber since, in undeformed condition, the folded sheet 11 occupies more space than available in chamber 3.
    [00047] In order to evaluate the improvement of the separation efficiency of the device according to the invention, the present applicant conducted tests according to the same procedure that was described above in relation to the prior art, in particular for engine operating conditions that were critical for the known device. The results obtained with the known device and the device according to the invention were compared. From the mentioned comparison, it was shown that the adoption of the device according to the invention, above all in the critical operating conditions mentioned above, improves the separation efficiency by approximately 10 times. Furthermore, from the aforementioned tests it was shown that the small reduction in the passage section due to the presence of the aforementioned longitudinal walls in the separation chamber does not lead to greater difficulty in evacuating the crankcase expansion gases and does not lead to no considerable increase in crankcase pressure.
    [00048] Finally, it was found that during the operation of the known device, the flow of gases in the separation chamber generates noise, which is amplified by the cavity frequencies of the separation chamber. The adoption of the longitudinal walls in the device according to the invention, and the consequent elimination of the transverse diaphragms arranged in the known device, allows the modification of the aforementioned typical frequencies with a substantial reduction in noise.
    [00049] Clearly, without prejudice to the principle of the invention, the construction details and the forms of implementation may vary widely from what is described and illustrated here purely by way of example, without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    1. Separator device for an internal combustion engine expansion gas recirculation system, comprising: - an elongated housing (2) defining a separation chamber (3) and having a first end with an inlet (4) for communication with the crankcase, a second end with an outlet (5) for communication with the engine inlet system, and a bottom wall with at least one drain manifold (6) for draining the liquid separated in the separation chamber (3) , for the return of the separated liquid to the crankcase; - first opening/closing means (7) associated with the aforementioned inlet (4) and configured to open when an overpressure is exerted on the crankcase having a given value in relation to the pressure in the separation chamber (3) and to maintain itself, when on the contrary, closed when a negative pressure is exerted on the crankcase in relation to the separation chamber (3); and - second opening/closing means (6b) associated with the at least one drain collector (6) mentioned and configured to close only when an overpressure is exerted on the crankcase having a given value in relation to the pressure in the separation chamber (3) and to remain open when a negative pressure is exerted on the crankcase in relation to the separation chamber (3), said separation device characterized by the fact that the separation chamber (3) does not have diaphragms placed transversely to the longitudinal direction of the separator device, and wherein provided within the separation chamber (3) is at least one longitudinal inner wall (10) placed substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the separator device, so that expansion gases flow longitudinally within the separation chamber (3) from the opening (4) located at the first end to the outlet (5) located at the second end, hitting the at least one longitudinal inner wall (10) mentioned, without the need to flow through the inner wall from one side of the inner wall to the other side, so that the liquid particles (D) contained in the gas flow tend to stop due to adhesion to the at least one longitudinal inner wall (10) mentioned and then collected by gravity by at least one drainage collector (6) mentioned.
    [0002]
    2. Separator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one said longitudinal inner wall (10) is made of metallic material.
    [0003]
    3. Separator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one said longitudinal inner wall (10) is made of plastic material.
    [0004]
    4. Separator device according to claim 1 or claim 3, characterized in that the at least one said longitudinal inner wall (10) consists of a mesh.
    [0005]
    5. Separator device according to claim 1, characterized in that a number of longitudinal inner walls (10) are provided substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the separation chamber (3).
    [0006]
    6. Separator device according to claim 5, characterized in that the said longitudinal inner walls (10) are defined by a single sheet (11) folded in the form of a bellows.
    [0007]
    7. Separator device according to claim 6, characterized in that the aforementioned sheet (11) folded in the form of a bellows consists of a mesh.
    [0008]
    8. Separator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first opening/closing means (7) associated with the mentioned inlet (4) is constituted by an opening/closing element with flexible flap (7).
    [0009]
    9. Separator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second opening/closing means associated with the at least one drainage collector (6) is constituted by an opening/closing membrane element (6b).
    [0010]
    10. Separator device according to claim 1, characterized in that the total area of the passage section defined by at least one drainage collector (6) is considerably smaller than the area of the passage section through the inlet (4) mentioned.
    [0011]
    11. Internal combustion engine comprising a single cylinder or two cylinders having pistons that move in agreement towards the top dead center and towards the bottom dead center to generate a pressure oscillation in the crankcase, characterized in that the mentioned engine has a separating device as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10.
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    法律状态:
    2015-06-16| B03A| Publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention [chapter 3.1 patent gazette]|
    2018-12-04| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-12-17| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-03-09| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-04-20| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 01/11/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP20120164755|EP2653678B1|2012-04-19|2012-04-19|Separator device for use in a system for the recirculation of blow-by gases of an internal combustion engine|
    EP12164755.6|2012-04-19|
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